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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Endocrinol.
Sec. Systems Endocrinology
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fendo.2025.1559413
This article is part of the Research Topic Research in Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes, and Metabolic Syndrome: Cellular Pathways and Therapeutic Innovations View all 3 articles
The Curvilinear Association Between Life's Crucial 9 and Metabolic Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study in the United States
Provisionally accepted- 1 Jinan Central Hospital, Jinan, China
- 2 Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
- 3 Wendeng District People's Hospital of Weihai City, weihai, China
- 4 Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
Background: Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is closely linked to cardiovascular disease. However, no studies have examined the relationship between Life's Crucial 9 (LC9) and MetS. Our goal is to investigate the potential association between LC9 and MetS.We employed a weighted multivariate logistic regression model to evaluate the relationship between LC9, health behavior score, health factors score, and MetS. To assess the robustness of this association, we conducted sensitivity analyses. Furthermore, we utilized smooth curve fitting to investigate the potential curvilinear relationships between LC9, health behavior score, health factors score, and MetS. To pinpoint inflection points, we integrated recursive partitioning algorithms with a two-stage linear regression model.Additionally, we performed stratified analyses to explore heterogeneity across different population subgroups.Results: Our study included a total of 28,555 participants. In the regression model that accounted for all covariates, the OR for LC9 and MetS was 0.941 (0.939, 0.944), indicating a significant negative correlation between the two.Smooth curve analysis confirmed a curvilinear relationship between LC9 and MetS, with an inflection point at 70.56. The negative correlation was evident both before and after the inflection point, with a more pronounced effect after the inflection point. Subgroup analyses of Health behavior score and Health factors score, as well as stratified analyses by age, sex, and BMI, showed that all groups exhibited curvilinear relationships consistent with the overall pattern.Conclusion：The curvilinear relationship between LC9 scores and metabolic syndrome indicates that higher LC9 scores act as a protective factor against MetS.
Keywords: Life's Crucial 9, metabolic syndrome, Curvilinear, NHANES, Cross-sectional study
Received: 12 Jan 2025; Accepted: 27 Mar 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Bo, Jiang, yu, nie, wang and Zhang. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Xin Zhang, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shandong Province, China
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