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CLINICAL TRIAL article

Front. Endocrinol.

Sec. Cardiovascular Endocrinology

Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fendo.2025.1544823

Metabolic Syndrome, High-sensitivity C-reactive Protein and the Risk of Heart Failure: The Kailuan Cohort Study

Provisionally accepted
Yan Tian Yan Tian 1Yan xiu Wang Yan xiu Wang 2Dan dan Zhao Dan dan Zhao 1Hua yu Sun Hua yu Sun 1Hao Wu Hao Wu 1Peng Yang Peng Yang 3Shou ling Wu Shou ling Wu 2Ying Wu Ying Wu 1*Shuo hua Chen Shuo hua Chen 2*yun Li yun Li 1,4,5*
  • 1 School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
  • 2 Department of Cardiology, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei Province, China
  • 3 Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei Province, China
  • 4 Tangshan Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiol, tangshan, China
  • 5 Hebei Key Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety for Coal Industry, Tangshan, Hebei Province, China

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) have been identified as risk factors for heart failure (HF) in some studies. However, little was known about the co-exposure of MetS and inflammation to HF. We aimed to investigate the combined effect of MetS and high hs-CRP levels on the risk of incident HF.The study included 94,841 participants without HF selected from the Kailuan cohort in 2006 (the baseline) and then followed up until 31 December 2020. Participants were divided into four groups based on the presence of MetS and high hs-CRP levels (>3mg/L) at baseline: MetS-CRP-(n=53,937), MetS-CRP+ (n=10,338), MetS+CRP-(n=23,521), MetS+CRP+ (n=7,045). Cox regression models were used to analyze the association of MetS and inflammation with the risk of HF. Statistical significance was defined as a two-tailed P value < 0.05.The mean age of the participants was 51.5±12.5 years, and 75,976 (80.0%) were male. During 13.1 years of follow-up, 3,058 participants were diagnosed with HF. The HF incidence rate of four groups were 1.69/1000pys, 2.95/1000pys, 3.27/1000pys, 5.33/1000pys. The HR for MetS-CRP+, MetS+CRP-, and MetS+CRP+ were 1.29 (95% CI, 1.15-1.45), 1.40 (95% CI, 1.29-1.53), and 1.85 (95% CI, 1.65-2.06), respectively, compared with MetS-CRP-. After stratification by age (p for interaction < 0.01), compared with the MetS-CRP-group, the HR of the MetS+CRP+ group was 2.17 (95% CI, 1.83-2.57) in participants with < 60 years and 1.53 (95% CI, 1.32-1.78) in participants with ≥ 60 years. There was an interaction between groups and ues of antihypertension medication (p for interaction <0.01). Compared with MetS-CRP-, the risk of HF in the MetS+CRP+ group was increased 1.38-fold (95% CI, 1.12-1.70) in participants with antihypertension medication use and 2.00-fold (95% CI, 1.75-2.27) in participants without antihypertension medication use.The combination of MetS and elevated hs-CRP was associated with increased risk of HF in the Chinese population.

    Keywords: metabolic syndrome, C-Reactive Protein, Heart Failure, Risk factors, cohort study.

    Received: 13 Dec 2024; Accepted: 24 Mar 2025.

    Copyright: © 2025 Tian, Wang, Zhao, Sun, Wu, Yang, Wu, Wu, Chen and Li. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence:
    Ying Wu, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
    Shuo hua Chen, Department of Cardiology, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei Province, China
    yun Li, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China

    Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.

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