MINI REVIEW article
Front. Endocrinol.
Sec. Thyroid Endocrinology
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fendo.2025.1537208
This article is part of the Research TopicThyroid hormones and dietView all 12 articles
MODERN CHALLENGES OF IODINE NUTRITION: VEGAN AND VEGETARIAN DIETS
Provisionally accepted
- 1University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- 2Scientific Clinical Institute Maugeri (ICS Maugeri), Pavia, Lombardy, Italy
- 3University of Messina, Messina, Sicilia, Italy
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Vegetarian diets are gaining popularity worldwide, especially among women and in the younger part of the population, rising some concerns for the risk of inadequate iodine requirements if the diet is not correctly planned. Indeed, subjects under vegetarian dietary regimens, mainly the vegan ones, are at risk of developing both iodine deficiency and excess, due to lack of animal-derived foods on the one hand, and to the use of vegan alternatives (such as seaweed) and over-the-counter supplements on the other hand. Women in childbearing age and children are particularly vulnerable to the adverse thyroid consequences. Thus, this paper aims to provide some practical information to achieve adequate iodine intake and avoid adverse effects on thyroid in this population.
Keywords: Iodin deficiency, Vegetarian diet, Vegan diet, Iodine supplementation, thyroid
Received: 30 Nov 2024; Accepted: 17 Apr 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Croce, Rotondi and Ruggeri. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Mario Rotondi, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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