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MINI REVIEW article

Front. Endocrinol.
Sec. Neuroendocrine Science
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fendo.2025.1531723

What is known and unknown about the role of neuroendocrine genes Ptprn and Ptprn2 PTPRNs functions in neuroendocrine cells

Provisionally accepted
Stanko S. Stojilkovic Stanko S. Stojilkovic *Srdjan J Sokanovic Srdjan J Sokanovic Stephanie Constantin Stephanie Constantin
  • Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    The protein tyrosine phosphatase receptors N and N2 are encoded by the Ptprn and Ptprn2 genes expressed in neuroendocrine cells of the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and diffuse neuroendocrine system, including the pancreas, lung, and intestine. Unlike other members of the protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor family, PTPRN and PTPRN2 lack protein tyrosine phosphatase activity due to mutation of two residues in their intracellular catalytic domains. However, during evolution these proteins acquired new cellular roles beyond tyrosine dephosphorylation in the centralized and diffuse neuroendocrine systems. Here we discuss the current understanding and lack of information about the actions of these proteins, focusing on neuroendocrine cells of the hypothalamus, pituitary, and pancreas.

    Keywords: DKO, double knockout, GnRH, gonadotroph-releasing hormone, LH, Luteinizing hormone, RP3V, the rostral periventricular region of the third ventricle, PTPR, protein tyrosine phosphatase receptors, PTPRN, PTPR type N, PTPRN2, PTPR type N2, PTPRNs, PTPRN+PTPRN2 PTPRN, PTPRN2, GnRH neurons, kisspeptinergic neurons, pancreatic b-cells, gonadotrophs, melanotrophs,

    Received: 20 Nov 2024; Accepted: 08 Jan 2025.

    Copyright: © 2025 Stojilkovic, Sokanovic and Constantin. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence: Stanko S. Stojilkovic, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NIH), Bethesda, 20847, Maryland, United States

    Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.