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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Endocrinol.
Sec. Cardiovascular Endocrinology
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fendo.2025.1475063

Association between Hemoglobin Glycation Index and In-Hospital all-cause mortality of patients with Congestive Heart Failure: a retrospective study utilizing the MIMIC-IV database

Provisionally accepted
Ling Sun Ling Sun 1Jie Yuan Jie Yuan 2*Wang Tao Wang Tao 1*Bin Ning Bin Ning 3Qing-Hua Yuan Qing-Hua Yuan 4*
  • 1 Fuyang Tumor Hospital, Fuyang, Jiangsu Province, China
  • 2 Hanyi Data Technology, Shenzhen, China
  • 3 Fuyang People’s Hospital, Fuyang City, China
  • 4 The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    Abstract Background:  The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between the hemoglobin glycation index (HGI) of Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) patients and their risk of mortality within 365 days. Patients and Methods: The Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC-IV) database supplied the patient data for this study, which was categorized into quartiles based on the HGI. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality within a 365-day period. Kaplan-Meier (K-M) analysis was utilized to compare this primary endpoint across the four aforementioned groups. The relationship between the HGI and the endpoint was examined using restricted cubic splines (RCS) and a Cox proportional hazards analysis. Results: A total of 985 patients were included in this study. HGI was significantly associated with 30 days mortality (15.9%; HR, 0.79; 95% CI, (0.67~0.92); P=0.003) and 60 days mortality (19.3%; HR, 0.83; 95% CI, (0.72~0.96); P=0.011) and 90 days mortality (22.1%; HR, 0.86; 95% CI, (0.75~0.99); P=0.031) and 365 days mortality (30.7%; HR, 0.97; 95% CI, (0.86~1.09); P=0.611) in patients with critical CHF in the completely adjusted Cox proportional risk model. RCS analysis revealed a U-shaped relationship between HGI and outcome events. KM curves survival analysis suggests a correlation between 30 days and 365 days mortality in HGI and CHF patients. Conclusions: A higher HGI has a more protective effect than a low HGI for patients with CHF and was directly associated with short-term mortality rates. These findings may be helpful in the management of patients with CHF. Keywords Congestive heart failure, Hemoglobin Glycation Index, In-Hospital Mortality, Prognosis, MIMIC-IV

    Keywords: congestive heart failure, Hemoglobin glycation index, In-hospital mortality, prognosis, MIMIC-IV

    Received: 02 Aug 2024; Accepted: 03 Jan 2025.

    Copyright: © 2025 Sun, Yuan, Tao, Ning and Yuan. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence:
    Jie Yuan, Hanyi Data Technology, Shenzhen, China
    Wang Tao, Fuyang Tumor Hospital, Fuyang, 236061, Jiangsu Province, China
    Qing-Hua Yuan, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China

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