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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Endocrinol.
Sec. Clinical Diabetes
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fendo.2025.1468737
This article is part of the Research Topic Endocrinology, Lipids, and Disease: Unraveling the Links View all 7 articles

The relationship between advanced glycation end products, metabolic metrics, HbA 1c, and diabetic nephropathy

Provisionally accepted
Liping Xue Liping Xue Yi Zhang Yi Zhang Qiu Zhang Qiu Zhang *
  • First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    Background:In this cross-sectional study, we aim to investigate the value of non-invasive advanced glycation end products (AGEs) detection in the early screening of diabetic nephropathy(DN) among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus and assess whether metabolic parameters and glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) can moderate this relationship.Methods: A total of 912 T2DM patients were enrolled. The urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) was measured in morning urine samples to assess DN. AGEs were non-invasively measured through skin autofluorescence.Recognizing the role of age in both AGEs and DN, AGEage was calculated as AGEs × age/100 for related analyses.The overall prevalence of DN in the present study was 37.2%. Elevated AGEage(  2 =61.06) was associated with a higher prevalence of DN. Multivariable linear regression demonstrated that AGEage was positively associated with UACR levels(β = 0.154, 95% CI: 0.126, 0.306, P<0.001). In the morderation analysis, glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) affected the correlation between AGEage and UACR.Body mass index (BMI) and triglyceride glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI) also affect the correlation between AGEage and UACR, there were significant interactions between AGEage, HbA1c, BMI, TyG-BMI, and UACR. Conclusions: Complex associations and interactions were observed between AGEs, metabolic metrics, HbA1c, and DN. Implementing comprehensive interventions can potentially benefit the prevention of DN in T2DM patients.

    Keywords: Advanced glycation end products, BMI, diabetes, UACR, Obesity, TyG-BMI

    Received: 22 Jul 2024; Accepted: 21 Jan 2025.

    Copyright: © 2025 Xue, Zhang and Zhang. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence: Qiu Zhang, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui Province, China

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