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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Endocrinol.
Sec. Clinical Diabetes
Volume 16 - 2025 |
doi: 10.3389/fendo.2025.1466428
This article is part of the Research Topic The rapidly changing face of Pediatric Diabetes during the Obesity Epidemic View all 4 articles
Comparison of incidence trends of early-onset and late-onset type 2 diabetes in the Asia-Pacific region, 1990-2021: A Joinpoint regression analysis based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
Provisionally accepted- 1 Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, Tianjin Municipality, China
- 2 Department of Endocrinology, Health Management Center, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
- 3 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Union Medical Centre, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- 4 Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Union Medical Centre, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
Introduction: This study evaluated the incidence trends of early-onset (diagnosed at ages 15-39) and late-onset (diagnosed at age 40 and above) type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the Asia-Pacific region, including the World Health Organization (WHO) South-East Asia Region (SEARO) and Western Pacific Region (WPRO), and assessed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: Using data from the Global Burden of Diseases Study (GBD) 2021, we analyzed trends in age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) using Joinpoint regression to determine annual percentage change (APC). To assess the pandemic's impact, we calculated excess incidence for 2020 and 2021 by subtracting predicted ASIR from observed ASIR.Results: In recent years, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, the ASIR for early-onset T2DM in the Asia-Pacific region accelerated significantly. SEARO's APC rose from 2.24% between 2011-2019 to 5.45% between 2019-2021. Similarly, WPRO's APC increased from 1.71% between 1999-2017 to 5.01% between 2017-2021. In 2021, the ASIR for early-onset T2DM was 269.6 per 100,000 in WPRO and 248.4 per 100,000 in SEARO. Conversely, late-onset T2DM ASIR growth in SEARO slowed after 2017 (APC 1.92% for 2005-2017 vs. 1.04% for 2017-2021), while WPRO saw a decline (APC 1.06% for 2007-2017 vs. -1.10% for 2017-2021). During the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021, the observed ASIR of early-onset T2DM in the Asia-Pacific region exceeded historical predictions, showing a positive excess in ASIR.Conclusions: This study reveals a significant recent increase in early-onset T2DM incidence in the Asia-Pacific region, highlighting the need for targeted public health interventions.
Keywords: Incidence, adolescents, young adults, Asia-Pacific region, type 2 diabetes
Received: 18 Jul 2024; Accepted: 03 Feb 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Lin, An, Lin, Cao and Yang. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Chenying Lin, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, Tianjin Municipality, China
Haohua An, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Union Medical Centre, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
Jingna Lin, Department of Endocrinology, Health Management Center, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, 300071, China
Yuejuan Cao, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Union Medical Centre, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
Zhen Yang, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Union Medical Centre, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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