Skip to main content

ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Endocrinol.
Sec. Systems Endocrinology
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fendo.2025.1456370

Association between remnant cholesterol and depression in middle-aged and older Chinese adults: a population-based cohort study

Provisionally accepted
Yang Zhou Yang Zhou 1Yan Lin Yan Lin 2Yanhui Yang Yanhui Yang 3Wang Lei Wang Lei 1Juan Xu Juan Xu 4Yuanzeng Zhu Yuanzeng Zhu 1*
  • 1 Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
  • 2 Danyang People's Hospital, Danyang, Jiangsu Province, China
  • 3 People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
  • 4 Affiliated Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou, China

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    The focus on remnant cholesterol (RC) has intensified because of its association with various diseases. In this study, we investigated the association between RC and depression in middleaged and older adults.The study involved 7,305 participants from the 2015 and 2018 waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Based on the 10-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESD-10), depression was indicated by scores ≥ 12. To assess the correlation between RC levels and depression, a logistic regression model that incorporated restricted cubic spline techniques was used.Results: Of the study population, (mean age: 60.0 ± 9.5 years), 50.3% were female. From 2015 to 2018, the mean CESD-10 score increased from 6.31 ± 3.56 to 7.85 ± 5.23. Following adjustment for confounding factors, individuals in the higher RC level quartile exhibited a higher depression risk (Q3: odds ratio [OR]: 1.75, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.29-2.39; Q4: OR: 2.68, 95% CI: 1.96-3.68, P for trend < 0.001), with a linear correlation between RC levels and depression (P for nonlinearity = 0.108). And the subgroup analysis yielded results consistent with the primary findings.This study revealed that in China, in middle-aged and older individuals, elevated RC levels were associated with a higher depression risk, suggesting RC is a promising target for depression prevention and treatment.

    Keywords: Remnant cholesterol, Depression, CHARLS, Middle-aged, older

    Received: 28 Jun 2024; Accepted: 15 Jan 2025.

    Copyright: © 2025 Zhou, Lin, Yang, Lei, Xu and Zhu. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence: Yuanzeng Zhu, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan Province, China

    Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.