Dr Uma Shanker Navik ^* Amit Khurana Jasvinder Singh Bhatti

• Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India

progression in populations exposed to chronic hypoxia, such as those living at high Predictive tools that can identify nonobese people with NAFLD remain under investigation (Zheng et al.). However, rigorous studies will prospectively evaluate any novel index against validated measures longitudinally. Further studies are required, with careful anthropometric estimates that consider body fat distribution through accepted and validated anthropometric estimates of central obesity, such as waist circumference. Qiu et al. present a gender-focused analysis comparing the associations between liver enzyme markers alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and NAFLD. Their study reveals significant gender-specific differences in the correlation between these enzymes and NAFLD, with ALT emerging as a particularly effective marker for screening the disease, especially in males. This finding underscores the accuracy of NAFLD screening, as it suggests that gender-specific approaches may enhance diagnostic effectiveness. The research highlights the need to consider gender-specific approaches during screening of NAFLD. Lastly, Wang et al. investigate the serum levels of glucose and albumin as their ratio (glucose-to-albumin ratio, GAR) relationship with NAFLD and its progression in non-diabetic individuals. Their work demonstrates a positive correlation between higher GAR and increased NAFLD risk, along with its progression into liver fibrosis. This research highlights GAR as a promising prognostic marker for identifying NAFLD and predicting disease progression, providing an important tool for early diagnosis and management of NAFLD.Together, these articles emphasize the growing body of knowledge around metabolic disorders, and the critical markers that can aid in early diagnosis, treatment, and management. With new insights into sex-specific treatments, hypoxia-induced liver damage mechanisms, and novel predictive indices, these research advances our understanding of NAFLD and related metabolic dysfunctions, offering fresh perspectives for the early diagnosis and therapeutic strategies, which could significantly improve outcomes for individuals at the risk of onset of NAFLD.