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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Endocrinol.
Sec. Reproduction
Volume 15 - 2024 | doi: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1518288

Genetic Risk Stratification and Risk Factors of Early Menopause in Women: A Multi-Center Study Utilizing Polygenic Risk Scores

Provisionally accepted
Wei Zhong Wei Zhong 1Wang Qihang Wang Qihang 1Dingchuan Peng Dingchuan Peng 2Yangyun Zou Yangyun Zou 3Yulin Chen Yulin Chen 3Yingying Xia Yingying Xia 3Xin Zhang Xin Zhang 3Shu Mingming Shu Mingming 2Chunlan Song Chunlan Song 2Yiran Wang Yiran Wang 2Yiyao Fu Yiyao Fu 4Sishuo Wang Sishuo Wang 4Yanmin Ma Yanmin Ma 5Xiaomeng Bu Xiaomeng Bu 5Yuexiu Liang Yuexiu Liang 6Yuzhen Chen Yuzhen Chen 6Wenpei Bai Wenpei Bai 7Yanrong Chen Yanrong Chen 7Chengyan Deng Chengyan Deng 8Wanyu Zhang Wanyu Zhang 8ZHOU MING ZHOU MING 2Lijuan Lv Lijuan Lv 9Linyan Zhang Linyan Zhang 10Sijia Lu Sijia Lu 3*Wei Shang Wei Shang 1*
  • 1 Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
  • 2 Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, Beijing Municipality, China
  • 3 Yikon Genomics Company, Ltd., Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
  • 4 Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, China
  • 5 Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, Beijing Municipality, China
  • 6 Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangx, China
  • 7 Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, Beijing Municipality, China
  • 8 Peking Union Medical College Hospital (CAMS), Beijing, Beijing Municipality, China
  • 9 Huanghua Development Zone Boai Hospital, Cangzhou, China
  • 10 Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuji, Zhuji, China

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    Objective: This study aims to evaluate the utility of polygenic risk scores (PRS) in women with early menopause (EM) and to investigate the clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with EM based on genetic risk.Genotyping data and clinical data from women with EM and women with normal age of menopause retrieved from UK Biobank were used for early menopause risk prediction model establishment. Subsequently, 99 women diagnosed with EM and 1027 control women underwent PGT-M were recruited for model validation from across eight hospitals in China. According to PRS percentiles, these participants were further classified into high risk and intermediate risk groups.Characteristics among women at different risk levels were compared, and risk factors with early menopause were also statistical analyzed.The proportion of women at high risk in EM and control groups;Characteristics with significant difference among women at different risk levels; risk factors associated with EM.The proportion of high-risk women in the EM group was significantly higher than that in control women underwent PGT-M (Group PGT-M) (OR = 3.78), and that in women with normal age menopause from UK Biobank (Group UKB) (OR = 5.11). Notably, the women with high risk of EM exhibited distinct characteristics compared to women with the intermediate-risk of EM, and identified several risk factors associated with EM.We established a PRS model to serves as a valuable instrument for EM risk prediction.The exploratory analysis revealed that women with high risk of EM exhibited a higher height, suggesting EM related genetic loci may also influence growth and development level. Several risk factors were found to be potentially associated with EM, such as excessive familial contentment, COVID-19 vaccination, staying up late, and the husband's engagement in smoking and alcohol abuse.

    Keywords: Early Menopause1, premature ovarian failure2, Polygenic Risk Scores3, Premature ovarian insufficiency4, multi-center5

    Received: 28 Oct 2024; Accepted: 12 Nov 2024.

    Copyright: © 2024 Zhong, Qihang, Peng, Zou, Chen, Xia, Zhang, Mingming, Song, Wang, Fu, Wang, Ma, Bu, Liang, Chen, Bai, Chen, Deng, Zhang, MING, Lv, Zhang, Lu and Shang. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence:
    Sijia Lu, Yikon Genomics Company, Ltd., Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
    Wei Shang, Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China

    Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.