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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Endocrinol.
Sec. Clinical Diabetes
Volume 15 - 2024 | doi: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1472967

Interactive effect of phenylalanine with duration of diabetes for the risk of small vessel disease in Chinese patients with T2DM

Provisionally accepted
Jun Zheng Jun Zheng 1,2Wei Zhang Wei Zhang 3Yuyang Miao Yuyang Miao 1,2Xue-Rui Li Xue-Rui Li 1,2Wei-Ming Luo Wei-Ming Luo 4Xilin Yang Xilin Yang 3Fang Zhongze Fang Zhongze 4Qiang Zhang Qiang Zhang 1,2*
  • 1 Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
  • 2 Institute of Tianjin Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
  • 3 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Heping, Tianjin, China
  • 4 Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    Aims: Few prior studies have explored the relationship between phenylalanine and diabetic small vessel disease (SVD) in different duration of Type 2 diabetes mellitus（T2DM）. Our study aimed to explore whether phenylalanine is associated with the risk of SVD and to further explore whether phenylalanine interacted with duration of T2DM to alter the risk of SVD. Materials and methods: A total of 1032 T2DM patients were derived from Liaoning Medical University First Affiliated Hospital (LMUFAH) system. SVD was defined as patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN) or diabetic retinopathy (DR) alone, or both. Serum amino acids were measured by mass spectrometry (MS) technology. Binary logistic regression model was performed to examine associations of phenylalanine with SVD risk. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) was used to draw odds ratio curves of plasma phenylalanine for SVD. Additive interaction analysis was employed to test interactions of low phenylalanine with long duration of T2DM for SVD. Results: Among 1032 T2DM patients, 286 (27.7%) had SVD. Phenylalanine<42 μmol/L was associated with markedly increased risk of SVD (OR 1.76, 95%CI 1.23 to 2.51), which was enhanced by≥5 years of duration of T2DM to 4.83 (95%CI 2.97-7.87) with significant additive interactions. Inclusion of phenylalanine and duration of T2DM into a traditional risk factor model substantially increased the area under ROC curve from 0.67 to 0.71 (95% CI 0.70 to 0.75) (P <0.05). Conclusions: In Chinese patients with T2DM, phenylalanine<42μmol/L was associated with increased risk of SVD, which was further amplified by ≥5 years of duration of T2DM.

    Keywords: type 2 diabetes mellitus, small vessel disease, Phenylalanine, Duration of diabetes, T2DM

    Received: 30 Jul 2024; Accepted: 04 Oct 2024.

    Copyright: © 2024 Zheng, Zhang, Miao, Li, Luo, Yang, Zhongze and Zhang. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence: Qiang Zhang, Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China

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