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SYSTEMATIC REVIEW article

Front. Endocrinol.
Sec. Clinical Diabetes
Volume 15 - 2024 | doi: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1429848
This article is part of the Research Topic Endocrine Complications of COVID-19: Short and Long View all 5 articles

Association of COVID-19 Infection and the Risk of New Incident Diabetes: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Provisionally accepted
JINGYE ZHOU JINGYE ZHOU 1,2*Yuzhu Wang Yuzhu Wang 1,2Ruolan Xu Ruolan Xu 1,2
  • 1 International Medical College of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, China
  • 2 College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, East Midlands, United Kingdom

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    Background: As the world population recovers from the COVID-19 infection, a series of acute sequelae emerge including new incident diabetes. However, the association between COVID-19 infection and new incident diabetes is not fully understood. We purpose to determine the risk of new incident diabetes after COVID-19 infection. Methods: PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were used as databases to search for cohort studies published from database inception to February 4, 2024. Two reviewers independently conducted the study screening, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment. A random-effects model was adopted to pool the hazard ratio (HR) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI). Subgroup analysis was conducted to explore the potential influencing factors. Results: A total of 20 cohort studies with over 60 million individuals were included. The pooling analysis illustrates the association between COVID-19 infection and an increased risk of new incident diabetes (HR = 1.46; 95% CI: 1.38-1.55). In subgroup analysis, the risk of type 1 diabetes was HR=1.44 (95% CI: 1.13-1.82), and type 2 diabetes was HR=1.47 (95% CI: 1.36-1.59). A slightly higher risk of diabetes was found in males (HR=1.37; 95% CI: 1.30-1.45) than in females (HR=1.29; 95% CI: 1.22-1.365). The risk of incident diabetes is associated with hospitalization: non-hospitalized patients have an HR of 1.16 (95% CI: 1.07-1.26), normal hospitalized patients have an HR of 2.15 (95% CI: 1.33-3.49), and patients receiving intensive care have the highest HR of 2.88 (95% CI: 1.73-4.79). Conclusions: COVID-19 infection is associated with an elevated risk of new incident diabetes. Patients ever infected with COVID-19 should be recognized as a high-risk population with diabetes.

    Keywords: COVID-19, Long Covid, SARS-CoV-2, Diabetes Mellitus, public healh

    Received: 08 May 2024; Accepted: 08 Aug 2024.

    Copyright: © 2024 ZHOU, Wang and Xu. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence: JINGYE ZHOU, International Medical College of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, China

    Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.