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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Endocrinol.
Sec. Clinical Diabetes
Volume 15 - 2024 |
doi: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1420948
This article is part of the Research Topic Continuous Glucose Monitoring: Beyond Diabetes Management View all 6 articles
Risk prediction of diabetic retinopathy based on visit-to-visit fasting blood glucose indices
Provisionally accepted- Wenzhou Medical University Eye Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
Objective: The long-term glucose monitoring is essential to the risk assessment of diabetic retinopathy (DR), the aim of this study was to investigate the predictive ability of visit-to-visit fasting blood glucose (FBG) indices on the risk of DR. Methods: This was a community-based, cohort study conducted from 2013 to 2021. DR was diagnosed by digital fundus photography. The FPG indices included FBG, var. Associations of each FBG indices and DR were estimated using multinomial logistic regression models adjusting for confounders, and discrimination was determined by area under the curve (AUC). Predictive utility of different models was compared by changes in AUC, integrated discrimination improvement (IDI), and net reclassification index (NRI). Results: This study analyzed 5054 participants, the mean age was 46.26 ± 11.44 years, and 2620 (51.84%) were women. After adjustment for confounders, the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for FBG, SD, CV, VIM, ARV, M-FBG, and cumulative FBG load were 1.62 (1.52—1.73), 2.74 (2.38—3.16), 1.78 (1.62—1.95), 1.11 (0.95—1.29), 1.72 (1.56—1.91), 2.15 (1.96—2.36), and 2.57 (2.31—2.85), respectively. The AUC of the model with separate cumulative FBG load and classical risk factors was 0.9135 (95%CI 0.8890—0.9380), and no substantive improvement in discrimination was achieved with the addition of other FBG indices once cumulative FBG load was in the model. Conclusions: Cumulative FBG load is adequate for capturing the glucose-related DR risk, and the predictive utility of cumulative FBG load is not significantly improved by adding or replacing other FBG indices in the assessment of DR risk.
Keywords: FBG index, risk prediction, Diabetic Retinopathy, cohort study, Diabetic microvascular complication
Received: 21 Apr 2024; Accepted: 26 Aug 2024.
Copyright: © 2024 Ju, Guo, Ai, Yang, Zhu, Shi, Li, Yu, Xiao, Su, Yan, Li, Lian, Wang, Ding, Wang, Lu, Cui and Li. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Ying Ju, Wenzhou Medical University Eye Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
Zhengyang Guo, Wenzhou Medical University Eye Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
Jiaqi Ai, Wenzhou Medical University Eye Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
Kai Yang, Wenzhou Medical University Eye Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
Xiaoxuan Zhu, Wenzhou Medical University Eye Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
Keai Shi, Wenzhou Medical University Eye Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
Chunmei Li, Wenzhou Medical University Eye Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
Tianyun Yu, Wenzhou Medical University Eye Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
Yunfan Xiao, Wenzhou Medical University Eye Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
Binbin Su, Wenzhou Medical University Eye Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
Jinxia Yan, Wenzhou Medical University Eye Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
Ziyu Li, Wenzhou Medical University Eye Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
Wei Lian, Wenzhou Medical University Eye Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
Zhenqin Wang, Wenzhou Medical University Eye Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
Shasha Ding, Wenzhou Medical University Eye Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
Yudie Wang, Wenzhou Medical University Eye Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
Fan Lu, Wenzhou Medical University Eye Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
Lele Cui, Wenzhou Medical University Eye Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
Ming Li, Wenzhou Medical University Eye Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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