AUTHOR=Fradet Alice , Castonguay-Paradis Sophie , Dugas Camille , Perron Julie , St-Arnaud Gabrielle , Marc Isabelle , Doyen Alain , Flamand Nicolas , Dahhani Fadil , Di Marzo Vincenzo , Veilleux Alain , Robitaille Julie 

TITLE=The human milk endocannabinoidome and neonatal growth in gestational diabetes

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Endocrinology

VOLUME=15

YEAR=2024

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/endocrinology/articles/10.3389/fendo.2024.1415630

DOI=10.3389/fendo.2024.1415630

ISSN=1664-2392

ABSTRACT=<sec><title>Objective</title><p>Endocannabinoids and their <italic>N</italic>-acyl-ethanolamines (NAEs) and 2monoacyl-glycerols (2-MAGs) congeners are involved in the central and peripheral regulation of energy homeostasis, they are present in human milk and are associated with obesity. Infants exposed <italic>in utero</italic> to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are more likely to develop obesity. The objective of this cross-sectional study is to compare the profile of eCBome mediators in milk of women with gestational diabetes (GDM+) and without (GDM-) and to assess the association with offspring growth. The hypothesis is that the eCBome of GDM+ human milk is altered and associated with a difference in infant growth.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Circulating eCBome mediators were measured by LC-MS/MS in human milk obtained at 2 months postpartum from GDM+ (n=24) and GDM- (n=29) women. Infant weight and height at 2 months were obtained from the child health record. Z-scores were calculated.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Circulating Npalmitoylethanolamine (PEA) was higher in human milk of GDM+ women than in GDM- women (4.9 ± 3.2 vs. 3.3 ± 1.7, p=0.04). Higher levels were also found for several 2monoacyl-glycerols (2-MAGs) (p&lt;0.05). The levels of NAEs (β=-4.6, p=0.04) and especially non-omega-3 NAEs (B=-5.6, p=0.004) in human milk were negatively correlated with weight-for-age z-score of GDM+ offspring.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>The profile of eCBome mediators in human milk at 2 months postpartum was different in GDM+ compared to GDM- women and was associated with GDM+ offspring growth at 2 months.</p></sec><sec><title>Clinical trial registration</title><p><uri xlink:href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ClinicalTrials.gov</uri>, identifier (NCT04263675 and NCT02872402).</p></sec>