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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Endocrinol.
Sec. Cardiovascular Endocrinology
Volume 15 - 2024 | doi: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1406930

Acute effects of exercise on macro-and microvasculature in individuals with type 1 diabetesa secondary outcome analysis

Provisionally accepted
Adam Saloň Adam Saloň 1,2,3*Karin Schmid-Zalaudek Karin Schmid-Zalaudek 1Bianca Brix Bianca Brix 1Alexander Müller Alexander Müller 4Othmar Moser Othmar Moser 4,5Suhaila Alnuaimi Suhaila Alnuaimi 6Per Morten Fredriksen Per Morten Fredriksen 2Benedicta Ngwenchi Nkeh-Chungag Benedicta Ngwenchi Nkeh-Chungag 7Nandu Goswami Nandu Goswami 1,6*
  • 1 The Division of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
  • 2 Faculty of Applied Ecology, Agricultural Sciences and Biotechnology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Oppland, Norway
  • 3 Augusta University, Augusta, United States
  • 4 Trials Unit for Interdisciplinary Metabolic Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria, Graz, Austria
  • 5 Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Cultural Studies, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Bavaria, Germany
  • 6 Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
  • 7 Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, South Africa

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    Background: Type 1 diabetes is a chronic autoimmune disease associated with insulin-producing beta cell destruction, declining insulin secretion, and elevated blood glucose. Physical activity improves glycemic control and cardiovascular health. This study explores acute effects of maximal exhaustion induced by a cardiopulmonary exercise on macro-and microvascular parameters in type 1 diabetes. Methodology: Twenty-five participants with type 1 diabetes (14 males, 11 females), aged 41.4 ± 11.87 years, BMI 23.7 ± 3.08, completed a repeated-measure study. Measurements pre-, post-, 30-and 60-minutes post-exhaustion involved a maximal incremental cardio-pulmonary exercise test. Macro-and microvascular parameters were assessed using VICORDER® and retinal blood vessel image analysis. Repeated measures ANOVA in SPSS (Version 27.0) analyzed data. Results: Post-exercise, heart rate increased (p<.001), and diastolic blood pressure decreased (p=.023). Diabetes duration correlated with pulse wave velocity (r=0.418, p=.047), diastolic blood pressure (r=0.470, p=.023), and central retinal arteriolar equivalent (r=0.492, p=.023).In type 1 diabetes, cardiopulmonary exercise-induced exhaustion elevates heart rate and reduces diastolic blood pressure. Future research should explore extended, rigorous physical activity protocols for greater cardiovascular risk reduction.

    Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Exercise, Microcirculation, Hemodynamics, Vascular Stiffness

    Received: 25 Mar 2024; Accepted: 06 Aug 2024.

    Copyright: © 2024 Saloň, Schmid-Zalaudek, Brix, Müller, Moser, Alnuaimi, Fredriksen, Ngwenchi Nkeh-Chungag and Goswami. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence:
    Adam Saloň, The Division of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
    Nandu Goswami, The Division of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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