AUTHOR=Yi Chenyuan , Niu Geng , Zhang Yinghuai , Rao Jing , Liu Guiqin , Yang Weihua , Fei XingZhen 

TITLE=Advances in artificial intelligence in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Endocrinology

VOLUME=15

YEAR=2024

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/endocrinology/articles/10.3389/fendo.2024.1356055

DOI=10.3389/fendo.2024.1356055

ISSN=1664-2392

ABSTRACT=<p>Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO), also referred to as Graves’ ophthalmopathy, is a medical condition wherein ocular complications arise due to autoimmune thyroid illness. The diagnosis of TAO, reliant on imaging, typical ocular symptoms, and abnormalities in thyroid function or thyroid-associated antibodies, is generally graded and staged. In recent years, Artificial intelligence(AI), particularly deep learning(DL) technology, has gained widespread use in the diagnosis and treatment of ophthalmic diseases. This paper presents a discussion on specific studies involving AI, specifically DL, in the context of TAO, highlighting their applications in TAO diagnosis, staging, grading, and treatment decisions. Additionally, it addresses certain limitations in AI research on TAO and potential future directions for the field.</p>