AUTHOR=Kansakar Urna , Trimarco Valentina , Mone Pasquale , Varzideh Fahimeh , Lombardi Angela , Santulli Gaetano 

TITLE=Choline supplements: An update

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Endocrinology

VOLUME=14

YEAR=2023

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/endocrinology/articles/10.3389/fendo.2023.1148166

DOI=10.3389/fendo.2023.1148166

ISSN=1664-2392

ABSTRACT=<p>In this comprehensive review, we examine the main preclinical and clinical investigations assessing the effects of different forms of choline supplementation currently available, including choline alfoscerate (C<sub>8</sub>H<sub>20</sub>NO<sub>6</sub>P), also known as alpha-glycerophosphocholine (α-GPC, or GPC), choline bitartrate, lecithin, and citicoline, which are cholinergic compounds and precursors of acetylcholine. Extensively used as food supplements, they have been shown to represent an effective strategy for boosting memory and enhancing cognitive function.</p>