AUTHOR=Dejenie Tadesse Asmamaw , Abebe Endeshaw Chekol , Mengstie Misganaw Asmamaw , Seid Mohammed Abdu , Gebeyehu Natnael Atnafu , Adella Getachew Asmare , Kassie Gizchew Ambaw , Gebrekidan Amanuel Yosef , Gesese Molalegn Mesele , Tegegne Kirubel Dagnaw , Anley Denekew Tenaw , Feleke Sefineh Fenta , Zemene Melkamu Aderajew , Dessie Anteneh Mengist , Moges Natnael , Kebede Yenealem Solomon , Bantie Berihun , Adugna Dagnew Getnet 

TITLE=Dyslipidemia and serum cystatin C levels as biomarker of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Endocrinology

VOLUME=14

YEAR=2023

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/endocrinology/articles/10.3389/fendo.2023.1124367

DOI=10.3389/fendo.2023.1124367

ISSN=1664-2392

ABSTRACT=<sec><title>Background</title><p>Diabetic nephropathy is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease. The diagnostic markers of nephropathy, including the presence of albuminuria and/or a reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate, are not clinically ideal, and most of them are raised after a significant reduction in renal function. Therefore, it is crucial to seek more sensitive and non-invasive biomarkers for the diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective of the study</title><p>This study aimed to investigate the serum cystatin C levels and dyslipidemia for the detection of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.</p></sec><sec><title>Methodology</title><p>A hospital-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2021 to August 2022 in Tikur, Anbessa specialized teaching hospital with a sample size of 140 patients with type2 diabetes mellitus. Socio-demographic data was collected using a structured questionnaire, and 5 mL of blood was collected from each participant following overnight fasting for biochemical analyses.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>In type 2 diabetes patients with nephropathy, we found significant lipoprotein abnormalities and an increase in serum cystatin C (P &lt; 0.001) compared to those without nephropathy. Serum cystatin C, systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein, high density lipoprotein, and duration of diabetes were identified as being significantly associated with diabetic nephropathy (P &lt; 0.05) in multivariable logistic regression analysis. The mean values of total cholesterol levels, triglyceride levels, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were also found to be significantly higher (P &lt; 0.05) in females as compared to male type-2 diabetic patients. The fasting blood glucose levels and lipid profiles of the participants were found to be significantly associated with serum cystatin C levels.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>The present study found significant serum cystatin C and lipoprotein abnormalities in T2DM patients with diabetic nephropathy when compared with those without diabetic nephropathy, and these lipoprotein abnormalities were significantly associated with serum cystatin C levels.</p></sec>