AUTHOR=Huang Xuan , Wang Hui , She Chongyang , Feng Jing , Liu Xuhui , Hu Xiaofeng , Chen Li , Tao Yong TITLE=Artificial intelligence promotes the diagnosis and screening of diabetic retinopathy JOURNAL=Frontiers in Endocrinology VOLUME=13 YEAR=2022 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/endocrinology/articles/10.3389/fendo.2022.946915 DOI=10.3389/fendo.2022.946915 ISSN=1664-2392 ABSTRACT=

Deep learning evolves into a new form of machine learning technology that is classified under artificial intelligence (AI), which has substantial potential for large-scale healthcare screening and may allow the determination of the most appropriate specific treatment for individual patients. Recent developments in diagnostic technologies facilitated studies on retinal conditions and ocular disease in metabolism and endocrinology. Globally, diabetic retinopathy (DR) is regarded as a major cause of vision loss. Deep learning systems are effective and accurate in the detection of DR from digital fundus photographs or optical coherence tomography. Thus, using AI techniques, systems with high accuracy and efficiency can be developed for diagnosing and screening DR at an early stage and without the resources that are only accessible in special clinics. Deep learning enables early diagnosis with high specificity and sensitivity, which makes decisions based on minimally handcrafted features paving the way for personalized DR progression real-time monitoring and in-time ophthalmic or endocrine therapies. This review will discuss cutting-edge AI algorithms, the automated detecting systems of DR stage grading and feature segmentation, the prediction of DR outcomes and therapeutics, and the ophthalmic indications of other systemic diseases revealed by AI.