AUTHOR=Micó Víctor , San-Cristobal Rodrigo , Martín Roberto , Martínez-González Miguel Ángel , Salas-Salvadó Jordi , Corella Dolores , Fitó Montserrat , Alonso-Gómez Ángel M. , Wärnberg Julia , Vioque Jesús , Romaguera Dora , López-Miranda José , Estruch Ramon , Tinahones Francisco J. , Lapetra José , Serra-Majem J. Luís , Bueno-Cavanillas Aurora , Tur Josep A. , Martín Sánchez Vicente , Pintó Xavier , Delgado-Rodríguez Miguel , Matía-Martín Pilar , Vidal Josep , Vázquez Clotilde , García-Arellano Ana , Pertusa-Martinez Salvador , Chaplin Alice , Garcia-Rios Antonio , Muñoz Bravo Carlos , Schröder Helmut , Babio Nancy , Sorli Jose V. , Gonzalez Jose I. , Martinez-Urbistondo Diego , Toledo Estefania , Bullón Vanessa , Ruiz-Canela Miguel , Portillo María Puy- , Macías-González Manuel , Perez-Diaz-del-Campo Nuria , García-Gavilán Jesús , Daimiel Lidia , Martínez J. Alfredo TITLE=Morbid liver manifestations are intrinsically bound to metabolic syndrome and nutrient intake based on a machine-learning cluster analysis JOURNAL=Frontiers in Endocrinology VOLUME=13 YEAR=2022 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/endocrinology/articles/10.3389/fendo.2022.936956 DOI=10.3389/fendo.2022.936956 ISSN=1664-2392 ABSTRACT=

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is one of the most important medical problems around the world. Identification of patient´s singular characteristic could help to reduce the clinical impact and facilitate individualized management. This study aimed to categorize MetS patients using phenotypical and clinical variables habitually collected during health check-ups of individuals considered to have high cardiovascular risk. The selected markers to categorize MetS participants included anthropometric variables as well as clinical data, biochemical parameters and prescribed pharmacological treatment. An exploratory factor analysis was carried out with a subsequent hierarchical cluster analysis using the z-scores from factor analysis. The first step identified three different factors. The first was determined by hypercholesterolemia and associated treatments, the second factor exhibited glycemic disorders and accompanying treatments and the third factor was characterized by hepatic enzymes. Subsequently four clusters of patients were identified, where cluster 1 was characterized by glucose disorders and treatments, cluster 2 presented mild MetS, cluster 3 presented exacerbated levels of hepatic enzymes and cluster 4 highlighted cholesterol and its associated treatments Interestingly, the liver status related cluster was characterized by higher protein consumption and cluster 4 with low polyunsaturated fatty acid intake. This research emphasized the potential clinical relevance of hepatic impairments in addition to MetS traditional characterization for precision and personalized management of MetS patients.