AUTHOR=Zelano Lorenzo , Locantore Pietro , Rota Carlo Antonio , Policola Caterina , Corsello Andrea , Rossi Esther Diana , Rufini Vittoria , Zagaria Luca , Raffaelli Marco , Pontecorvi Alfredo TITLE=Parathyroid Carcinoma All-In-One, a Rare Life-Threatening Case With Multiple Systemic Manifestations: Case Report and Review of the Literature JOURNAL=Frontiers in Endocrinology VOLUME=13 YEAR=2022 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/endocrinology/articles/10.3389/fendo.2022.881225 DOI=10.3389/fendo.2022.881225 ISSN=1664-2392 ABSTRACT=

Parathyroid carcinoma (PC) is an extremely rare disease. Although it may occasionally occur in genetic syndromes, it is more often sporadic. It is usually associated with a consistent secretion of PTH, causing severe hypercalcemia and potentially all clinical conditions due to primary hyperparathyroidism. Management of PC can be challenging: some clinical, biochemical, and radiological features may be useful, but the final diagnosis of malignancy strictly relies on histological criteria. To date, radical surgery is the first-choice treatment and is the only effective therapy to control hypercalcemia and other clinical manifestations. On the other hand, chemo- or radiotherapy, local treatments, or novel drugs should be reserved for selected cases. We report an exceptionally unusual case of life-threatening PC, associated with several systemic manifestations: moderate pancreatitis, portal thrombosis, kidney stones, brown tumors, osteoporosis, hungry bone syndrome (HBS), chondrocalcinosis, neuropathy, and depression. The clinical case also represents an opportunity to provide a review of the recent literature, associated with a complete evaluation of the main diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.