AUTHOR=Gonzalez-Rellan Maria J. , Fondevila Marcos F. , Dieguez Carlos , Nogueiras Ruben 

TITLE=O-GlcNAcylation: A Sweet Hub in the Regulation of Glucose Metabolism in Health and Disease

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Endocrinology

VOLUME=13

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/endocrinology/articles/10.3389/fendo.2022.873513

DOI=10.3389/fendo.2022.873513

ISSN=1664-2392

ABSTRACT=<p><italic>O</italic>-GlcNAcylation is a posttranslational modification ruled by the activity of a single pair of enzymes, <italic>O</italic>-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and <italic>O</italic>-GlcNAcase (OGA). These two enzymes carry out the dynamic cycling of <italic>O</italic>-GlcNAcylation on a wide range of cytosolic, nuclear, and mitochondrial proteins in a nutrient- and stress-responsive manner. To maintain proper glucose homeostasis, a precise mechanism to sense blood glucose levels is required, to adapt cell physiology to fluctuations in nutrient intake to maintain glycemia within a narrow range. Disruptions in glucose homeostasis generates metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. In this review we will discuss and summarize emerging findings that points <italic>O</italic>-GlcNAcylation as a hub in the control of systemic glucose homeostasis, and its involvement in the generation of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.</p>