AUTHOR=Liu Shuang , Cao Ruying , Liu Luna , Lv Youyuan , Qi Xiangyu , Yuan Zhongshang , Fan Xiude , Yu Chunxiao , Guan Qingbo 

TITLE=Correlation Between Gut Microbiota and Testosterone in Male Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Endocrinology

VOLUME=13

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/endocrinology/articles/10.3389/fendo.2022.836485

DOI=10.3389/fendo.2022.836485

ISSN=1664-2392

ABSTRACT=<sec><title>Objective</title><p>This study aimed at investigating the association between testosterone levels and gut microbiota in male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and providing a new strategy to elucidate the pathological mechanism of testosterone deficiency in T2DM patients.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>In an observational study including 46 T2DM male patients, the peripheral venous blood and fecal samples of all subjects were collected. The V3–V4 regions of bacterial 16S rDNA were amplified and sequenced. Alpha and beta diversities were calculated by QIIME software. The possible association between gut microbial community and clinical indicators was assessed using the Spearman correlation coefficient. The association between the relative abundance of bacteria and testosterone levels was discovered using linear regression analysis in R language.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>There was no substantial difference in alpha and beta diversity. <italic>Blautia</italic> and <italic>Lachnospirales</italic> were significantly much higher in the testosterone deficiency group. Linear regression analysis showed that the abundance of <italic>Firmicutes</italic> at the phylum level and <italic>Lachnospirales</italic> at the order level were negatively correlated with testosterone level. After correcting for C-reactive protein (CRP) and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), the relative abundance of <italic>Lachnospirales</italic> still had a significant negative correlation with testosterone level. Meanwhile, at the genus level, <italic>Lachnoclostridium</italic>, <italic>Blautia</italic>, and <italic>Bergeyella</italic> had a statistically significant negative association with testosterone level, respectively. <italic>Blautia</italic> was positively associated with FPG and total cholesterol level. <italic>Streptococcus</italic> was found positively associated with insulin, connecting peptide, and index of homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>T2DM patients with testosterone deficiency have different gut microbiota compositions compared with T2DM patients alone. Low serum testosterone patients tend to have an increased abundance of opportunistic pathogens, which may be related to the occurrence and development of testosterone deficiency.</p></sec>