AUTHOR=McManus Catherine  , Kuo Jennifer Hong 

TITLE=Intraoperative Neuromonitoring: Evaluating the Role of Continuous IONM and IONM Techniques for Emerging Surgical and Percutaneous Procedures

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Endocrinology

VOLUME=13

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/endocrinology/articles/10.3389/fendo.2022.808107

DOI=10.3389/fendo.2022.808107

ISSN=1664-2392

ABSTRACT=<p>Intraoperative nerve monitoring (IONM) is a tool used during thyroid surgery to assist in the identification of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN). Multiple IONM systems that exist for thyroidectomy require intubation with an endotracheal tube. Given that one of the advantages of thermal ablation procedures, such as radiofrequency ablation, is that they can be done safely without the use of general anesthesia, nerve monitoring systems that utilize cutaneous surface electrodes have been developed, though are not widely available in the United States. This article will review the use of IONM for RFA including the cutaneous surface electrode system.</p>