AUTHOR=Zhai Xinyu , Shu Mingming , Guo Yiming , Yao Shun , Wang Yiran , Han Shujie , Song Chunlan , Chuai Yunhai , Wang Qihang , Ma Fu , Chen Fu , Zhou Ming , Shang Wei 

TITLE=Efficacy of low-dose hCG on FET cycle in patients with recurrent implantation failure

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Endocrinology

VOLUME=13

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/endocrinology/articles/10.3389/fendo.2022.1053592

DOI=10.3389/fendo.2022.1053592

ISSN=1664-2392

ABSTRACT=<sec><title>Objective</title><p>To study patients’ new treatment methods and mechanisms of repeated implantation failure.</p></sec><sec><title>Design</title><p>A retrospective study.</p></sec><sec><title>Setting</title><p><italic>In vitro</italic> fertilization (IVF) unit in a Three-A hospital.</p></sec><sec><title>Patient(s)</title><p>Ninety-three patients with repeated implantation failure in IVF and embryo transfer.</p></sec><sec><title>Intervention(s)</title><p>the luteal phase support.</p></sec><sec><title>Main outcome measure(s)</title><p>According to whether human chorionic gonadotropin(HCG) was added, the two groups were divided into an observation group and a control group, and the clinical outcomes of the two groups were compared. Furthermore, 20 patients were selected for whole exome sequencing to investigate the mechanism.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>The observation group’s clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate were significantly higher than those in the control group (<italic>P=0.004</italic>). Functional enrichment analysis showed that these genes were significantly enriched in embryo implantation or endometrial receptivity processes, such as microtubule-based movement, NABA CORE MATRISOME, superoxide anion generation, protein localization to vacuole, extracellular matrix organization, fertilization, microtubule-based transport, cell junction organization, microtubule cytoskeleton organization. Furthermore, variants detected in these pathway genes were missense mutations that affect the protein’s biological activity but do not effectuate its inactivation.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Adding HCG in the luteal phase might improve the clinical pregnancy and live birth rates in RIF patients. The potential pathogenesis of RIF genetic level may be caused by microtubule-based movement, extracellular matrix organization, and the Superoxide Anion generation pathway.</p></sec>