To study the characteristics, risk factors, and outcomes of local-regional recurrence of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL).
Clinical data of 96 PPGL patients with local-regional recurrence and 112 patients without recurrence were retrospectively analyzed.
Recurrent patients exhibited a median recurrence time of 6.0 (4.0, 9.0) years after resection of the primary tumor.
Long-term follow-up is necessary for all PPGL patients. Risk factors for recurrence of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma differ, with primary tumor size and average Ki-67 count representing independent predictors for pheochromocytoma patients and