AUTHOR=Belachew Esmael Besufikad , Sewasew Dareskedar Tsehay 

TITLE=Molecular Mechanisms of Endocrine Resistance in Estrogen-Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Endocrinology

VOLUME=12

YEAR=2021

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/endocrinology/articles/10.3389/fendo.2021.599586

DOI=10.3389/fendo.2021.599586

ISSN=1664-2392

ABSTRACT=<p>The estrogen receptor is a vital receptor for therapeutic targets in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. The main strategy for the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancers is blocking the estrogen action on estrogen receptors by endocrine therapy but this can be restricted <italic>via</italic> endocrine resistance. Endocrine resistance occurs due to both <italic>de novo</italic> and acquired resistance. This review focuses on the mechanisms of the ligand-dependent and ligand-independent pathways and other coregulators, which are responsible for endocrine resistance. It concludes that combinatorial drugs that target different signaling pathways and coregulatory proteins together with endocrine therapy could be a novel therapeutic modality to stop endocrine resistance.</p>