AUTHOR=Pujia Arturo , Mazza Elisa , Ferro Yvelise , Gazzaruso Carmine , Coppola Adriana , Doldo Patrizia , Grembiale Rosa Daniela , Pujia Roberta , Romeo Stefano , Montalcini Tiziana 

TITLE=Lipid Oxidation Assessed by Indirect Calorimetry Predicts Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Endocrinology

VOLUME=9

YEAR=2019

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/endocrinology/articles/10.3389/fendo.2018.00806

DOI=10.3389/fendo.2018.00806

ISSN=1664-2392

ABSTRACT=<p><bold>Purpose:</bold> Diabetes has been linked to an impaired ability to oxidize fatty acids. Fat oxidation can be assessed clinically by a respiratory quotient measurement during fasting. We hypothesized that a respiratory quotient might predict metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes onset.</p><p><bold>Methods:</bold> In this longitudinal study we used an existing database of 233 individuals who had complete nutritional and biochemical data at baseline and after 12-month follow-up. All participants underwent an indirect calorimetry to measure the respiratory quotient. We excluded participants with diabetes, metabolic syndrome, chronic diseases, and those who had changed food habits in the previous 3 months. Only 88 subjects met the inclusion criteria.</p><p><bold>Results:</bold> Two individuals developed type 2 diabetes and 10 metabolic syndrome after 1 year. Participants in the high respiratory quotient group (&gt;0.91) had a higher incidence of metabolic syndrome/diabetes than those in the low quotient group (25 vs. 8% <italic>p</italic> = 0.04). In this group, mean basal respiratory quotient was 0.97 ± 0.04. In the high respiratory quotient group, Kaplan-Meier curves showed a greater probability of having metabolic syndrome/diabetes than those in the low respiratoryquotient group (log Rank χ<sup>2</sup>-test = 8.44; <italic>p</italic> = 0.004). A multivariable Cox proportional hazards model demonstrated that energy expenditure and weight increase did not predict metabolic syndrome/diabetes [HR (95% CI) = 1 (0.996–1.005), <italic>p</italic> = 0.86 and 3.9 (0.407–38.061), <italic>p</italic> = 0.23, respectively).</p><p><bold>Conclusions:</bold> A greater probability of metabolic syndrome/diabetes was found in individuals with a basal respiratory quotient of &gt;0.91 than in those with a respiratoryquotient of ≤ 0.91 after 1 year. In the short-term anthropometric measurements and their variation overtime were not correlated with metabolic syndrome/diabetes.</p>