AUTHOR=Karonova Tatiana , Grineva Elena , Belyaeva Olga , Bystrova Anna , Jude Edward B. , Andreeva Alena , Kostareva Anna , Pludowski Pawel 

TITLE=Relationship Between Vitamin D Status and Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms With Markers of Metabolic Syndrome Among Adults

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Endocrinology

VOLUME=9

YEAR=2018

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/endocrinology/articles/10.3389/fendo.2018.00448

DOI=10.3389/fendo.2018.00448

ISSN=1664-2392

ABSTRACT=<p><bold>Introduction:</bold> Recent studies have demonstrated that vitamin D deficiency contributes to the development of metabolic disorders, including obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Several vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms had been described to play a role in these conditions since vitamin D receptors were found in many tissues. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between vitamin D status and VDR gene polymorphisms with metabolic syndrome (MS) parameters in Russian middle-aged women.</p><p><bold>Materials and Methods:</bold> A total of 697 women aged between 30 to 55 years were included in this cross-sectional study. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level and four VDR gene polymorphisms rs1544410 (<italic>BsmI</italic>), rs7975232 (<italic>ApaI</italic>), rs731236 (<italic>TaqI</italic>), and rs2228570 (<italic>FokI</italic>) were measured. We applied the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria to identify subjects with MS.</p><p><bold>Results:</bold> 9.3% of subjects had normal vitamin D level, while 90.7% were insufficient or deficient. Abdominal obesity (AO) was seen in 75.5%, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or T2DM was observed in 33.3%, reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level in 32.2% and hypertriglyceridemia in 23.4%. Serum 25(OH)D level in women with or without MS did not differ (48.6 ± 1.8 and 51.1 ± 1.5 nmol/l, <italic>p</italic> &gt; 0.05). Subjects with vitamin D deficiency showed an increased risk of AO [CI 95% 2.23; 1.15–4.30] and low HDL-C [CI95% 2.60; 1.04–6.49] compared to subjects with normal 25(OH)D level. IGT and T2DM risk was increased only when 25(OH)D concentration was less than 39.0 nmol/l [CI 95% 7.17; 2.99–17.7], but risk of MS did not differ in normal vitamin D status subjects and insufficient/deficient ones (<italic>p</italic> &gt; 0.05). T allele carriers (<italic>A</italic>) of rs7975232 had higher total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels compared with the GG (<italic>aa</italic>) genotypes. Similarly, GG (<italic>BB)</italic> genotype carriers of rs1544410 had higher triglyceride levels than subjects with A (<italic>b)</italic> allele carriers. However VDR gene polymorphisms did not seem to be associated with an increased risk of MS.</p><p><bold>Conclusions:</bold> Vitamin D deficiency, rs7975232, and rs1544410 VDR gene variants are associated with MS parameters in Russian middle-aged women.</p>