AUTHOR=Neal Chris R. 

TITLE=Podocytes … What’s Under Yours? (Podocytes and Foot Processes and How They Change in Nephropathy)

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Endocrinology

VOLUME=6

YEAR=2015

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/endocrinology/articles/10.3389/fendo.2015.00009

DOI=10.3389/fendo.2015.00009

ISSN=1664-2392

ABSTRACT=<p>Most of the described structures of podocytes in health and disease have been inferred from light and electron microscopic studies of rodent models. The variation in filtration barrier features is measured on micrographs, the aim being statistical significance. This is the technical campaign waged against kidney disease but this approach can be misleading. The signaling cascades and connectivity of the podocyte and foot processes (FPs) are inferred from <italic>in vitro</italic> studies that at best blurr the reality of the <italic>in vivo</italic> state. This review will outline actin signaling connectivity and the key differences in the structural and functional domains squeezed into the FPs and the relationship of these domains to other parts of the podocyte. It covers the changes in podocytes during nephropathy concentrating on FP and finally proposes an alternative interpretation of FP ultrastructure derived from articles published over the last 60 years.</p>