AUTHOR=Nguyen Dung V., Shaw Lynn , Grant Maria TITLE=Inflammation in the pathogenesis of microvascular complications in diabetes JOURNAL=Frontiers in Endocrinology VOLUME=3 YEAR=2012 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/endocrinology/articles/10.3389/fendo.2012.00170 DOI=10.3389/fendo.2012.00170 ISSN=1664-2392 ABSTRACT=

Diabetes and hyperglycemia create a proinflammatory microenvironment that progresses to microvascular complications such as nephropathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy. Diet-induced insulin resistance is a potential initiator of this change in type 2 diabetes which can increase adipokines and generate a chronic low-grade inflammatory state. Advanced glycation end-products and its receptor, glycation end-products AGE receptor axis, reactive oxygen species, and hypoxia can also interact to worsen complications. Numerous efforts have gained way to understanding the mechanisms of these modulators and attenuation of the inflammatory response, however, effective treatments have still not emerged. The complexity of inflammatory signaling may suggest a need for multi-targeted therapy. This review presents recent findings aimed at new treatment strategies.