MethodsWe re-analyze the data (N = 515 undergraduate students; Mage = 21.81, SDage = 4.04) to examine whether the relation between representational competence and conceptual knowledge, both measured with psychometrically validated test instruments, is similar or varies between four samples from two countries. To this end, we will employ correlational analysis and scatter plots. Employing these methods, we will examine whether a positive relation between representational competence and conceptual knowledge can be found and is of similar magnitude in all samples. We will also employ multiple-group latent profile analysis to examine how the more detailed association between the two constructs varies or is similar across samples. Finally, we will examine how commonalities and differences between samples relate to aspects of learners’ gender, topic-specific learning opportunities, and individual preferences for specific learning content. The aim is to unravel the generalizability of this relation and thereby derive hypotheses for potential moderating factors that can be further examined in future research.