AUTHOR=Schierwater Bernd , Holland Peter W. H. , Miller David J. , Stadler Peter F. , Wiegmann Brian M. , Wörheide Gert , Wray Gregory A. , DeSalle Rob 

TITLE=Never Ending Analysis of a Century Old Evolutionary Debate: “Unringing” the Urmetazoon Bell

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution

VOLUME=4

YEAR=2016

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/ecology-and-evolution/articles/10.3389/fevo.2016.00005

DOI=10.3389/fevo.2016.00005

ISSN=2296-701X

ABSTRACT=<p>Our understanding of the early evolution of animals will be greatly improved if a final solution can be found to the evolutionary relationships between Porifera, Placozoa, Ctenophora, Cnidaria, and Bilateria. There have been many recent attempts to solve this key issue at the base of the metazoan tree of life, and these have sparked heated discussions and highlighted fundamental analytical problems. We argue that solving this problem will necessitate analysis of disparate data types, including phylogenomic data, larger scale genomic characters, developmental data, and morphological characters. At the least, morphological and developmental data must be used to cross-validate phylogenomic conclusions, but ideally solutions should be sought to the problems of combining disparate data sources with appropriate character weighting and algorithm choice.</p>