AUTHOR=Sands Chester J., O'Hara Timothy , Barnes David K., MartÃn-Ledo Rafael TITLE=Against the flow: evidence of multiple recent invasions of warmer continental shelf waters by a Southern Ocean brittle star JOURNAL=Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution VOLUME=3 YEAR=2015 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/ecology-and-evolution/articles/10.3389/fevo.2015.00063 DOI=10.3389/fevo.2015.00063 ISSN=2296-701X ABSTRACT=
The Southern Ocean is anomalously rich in benthos. This biodiversity is native, mostly endemic and perceived to be uniquely threatened from climate- and anthropogenically- mediated invasions. Major international scientific effort throughout the last decade has revealed more connectivity than expected between fauna north and south of the worlds strongest marine barrier—the Polar Front (the strongest jet of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current). To date though, no research has demonstrated any radiations of marine taxa out from the Southern Ocean, except at abyssal depths (where conditions differ much less). Our phylogeographic investigation including mitochondrial sequences of 135 specimens of one of the most ubiquitous and abundant clades at high southern latitudes, the ophiuroids (brittlestars), shows that one of them,