AUTHOR=Ma Minjin , Zhao Zhenzhu , Ma Yuzhan , Cao Yidan , Kang Guoqiang TITLE=PM2.5 concentration simulation by hybrid machine learning based on image features JOURNAL=Frontiers in Earth Science VOLUME=13 YEAR=2025 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/earth-science/articles/10.3389/feart.2025.1509489 DOI=10.3389/feart.2025.1509489 ISSN=2296-6463