AUTHOR=Shi Linpo , Xing Meng , Wang Pengyu , Wang Kai , Cao Xiaowei , Liu Hui TITLE=Semi-analytical solution of frost heave force for circular tunnels in strain-softening rock mass JOURNAL=Frontiers in Earth Science VOLUME=13 YEAR=2025 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/earth-science/articles/10.3389/feart.2025.1489419 DOI=10.3389/feart.2025.1489419 ISSN=2296-6463