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REVIEW article

Front. Earth Sci.
Sec. Atmospheric Science
Volume 12 - 2024 | doi: 10.3389/feart.2024.1427837

Recent progress in atmospheric modeling over the Andes -Part II: Projected changes and modeling challenges

Provisionally accepted
Clémentine Junquas Clémentine Junquas 1,2*J. A. Martinez J. A. Martinez 3D Bozkurt D Bozkurt 4,5,6Maximiliano Viale Maximiliano Viale 7Lluís Fita Lluís Fita 8,9K Trachte K Trachte 10LENIN CAMPOZANO LENIN CAMPOZANO 11Paola A. Arias Paola A. Arias 12J P. Boisier J P. Boisier 5Thomas CONDOM Thomas CONDOM 1Katerina Goubanova Katerina Goubanova 13José Daniel Pabón-Caicedo José Daniel Pabón-Caicedo 14GERMAN POVEDA GERMAN POVEDA 15Silvina A. Solman Silvina A. Solman 16,8,9Anna Sorensson Anna Sorensson 8,9Jhan Carlo Espinoza Jhan Carlo Espinoza 1
  • 1 Other, Grenoble, France
  • 2 Servicio Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología del Perú (SENAMHI), Lima, Peru
  • 3 Environmental School, Faculty of Engineering, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
  • 4 Other, Valparaíso, Chile
  • 5 Center for Climate and Resilience Research (CR)2, Santiago, Chile
  • 6 Other, Concepción, Chile
  • 7 CONICET Argentine Institute of Nivology, Glaciology and Environmental Sciences (IANIGLA), Mendoza, Argentina
  • 8 Other, Buenos Aires, Argentina
  • 9 CONICET Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera (CIMA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
  • 10 Other, Cottbus-Senftenberg, Germany
  • 11 Other, Quito, Ecuador
  • 12 Other, Medellín, Colombia
  • 13 Other, La Serena, Chile
  • 14 Universidad Nacional de Colombia, sede Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
  • 15 National University of Colombia, Medellin, Medellin, Colombia
  • 16 Department of Atmospheric and Ocean Sciences, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    In the Andes, the complex topography and unique latitudinal extension of the cordillera are responsible for a wide diversity of climate gradients and contrasts. Part I of this series reviews the current modeling efforts in simulating key atmospheric-orographic processes for the weather and climate of the Andean region. Building on this foundation, Part II focuses on global and regional climate models challenging task of correctly simulating changes in surface-atmosphere interactions and hydroclimate processes to provide reliable future projections of hydroclimatic trajectories in the Andes Cordillera. We provide a review of recent advances in atmospheric modeling to identify and produce reliable hydroclimate information in the Andes. In particular, we summarize the most recent modeling research on projected changes by the end of the 21st century in terms of temperature and precipitation over the Andes, the mountain elevation-dependent warming signal, and land cover changes. Recent improvements made in atmospheric kilometer-scale model configurations (e.g., resolution, parameterizations and surface forcing data) are briefly reviewed, highlighting their impact on modeling results in the Andes for precipitation, atmospheric and surface-atmosphere interaction processes, as mentioned in recent studies. Finally, we discuss the challenges and perspectives of climate modeling, with a focus on the hydroclimate of the Andes.

    Keywords: Andes, atmospheric modeling, Climate projections, kilometer-scale modeling, Hydroclimate

    Received: 04 May 2024; Accepted: 05 Sep 2024.

    Copyright: © 2024 Junquas, Martinez, Bozkurt, Viale, Fita, Trachte, CAMPOZANO, Arias, Boisier, CONDOM, Goubanova, Pabón-Caicedo, POVEDA, Solman, Sorensson and Espinoza. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence: Clémentine Junquas, Other, Grenoble, France

    Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.