Yan Li ¹ Jianguo Wang ^1* Zezhang Yu ² Shengyun Wei ¹ Haidong Ren ¹ Ming Ma ¹ Zhinan Wang ¹ Jian Hu ¹

• ¹ Qinghai University, Xining, China
• ² Other, Tibet, China

The Chazangcuo copper-lead-zinc deposit (hereafter referred to as the Chazangcuo deposit) is situated in the northern portion of the western section of the Gangdese polymetallic metallogenic belt in Tibet, with ore bodies strictly governed by Linzizong Group magmatic rocks and EW-trending faults. This study aims to ascertain the mineralization periods, sources of ore-forming materials, metallogenic physicochemical conditions, and genesis of this deposit. Based on comprehensive field geological surveys, sampling, and microscopic examination of petrological and mineralogical characteristics, we perform qualitative and quantitative geochemical analyses of major elements, trace elements, and rare earth elements (REEs), fluid inclusions, and sulfur and lead isotopes. The findings reveal that the mineralization process of the Chazangcuo deposit can be divided into three periods and four stages: the magmatic-hydrothermal, hydrothermal, and supergene mineralization periods sequentially, which consist of the mineralization stages of quartz-pyrite-sphalerite, medium-low-temperature hydrothermal sulfides, chloritecarbonate minerals, and supergene oxidation in a chronological order. The ore-forming fluids prove to be mediumlow-temperature low-density fluids, and the ore-forming materials are characteristic of upper crustal-derived materials. The ore-forming environment is a medium-low mineralization temperature, a shallow and weakly reducing environment. Overall, the Chazangcuo deposit is identified as a medium-low-temperature magmatichydrothermal deposit. The metallogenic model has the vertical zoning characteristics of lead-zinc in the upper part and copper in the lower part. This is the final typeset article supercontinent and the cracking of the Tethys Ocean during the Paleozoic, followed by Mesozoic accretionary orogeny and Cenozoic continental collision. These events sparked orogenesis including intense crust-mantle interactions, intense magma-fluid activity, and active vertical growth and lateral accretion of the crust, governing the formation and development of giant metallogenic systems. Many researchers assert that collisional orogenic processes led to significant geological changes, such as crustal thickening and shortening, lithospheric shear, and mantle thinning, potentially triggering multi-episodic large-scale metallogenic events and leading to the formation of giant metallogenic systems. Concurrently, ongoing geological activity further caused the superimposed modification of numerous pre-existing deposits, creating a distinctive superimposed giant metallogenic system