AUTHOR=Wang Jingsong , Zhao Liang , Xiao Ziniu , Zhang Peng , Ren Zhipeng , Zong Weiguo , Qi Jin , Huang Cong , Xu Ying , Lu Yixiong TITLE=Energy transmission processes in the effectuation chain of solar forcing to the terrestrial atmosphere—a review JOURNAL=Frontiers in Earth Science VOLUME=11 YEAR=2023 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/earth-science/articles/10.3389/feart.2023.1164636 DOI=10.3389/feart.2023.1164636 ISSN=2296-6463 ABSTRACT=

The Sun has an obvious quasi-11-year cycle and numerous short-term eruptive activities. There are four processes of energy transmission in the effectuation chain of solar forcing to the climate system: solar energy input into the atmosphere, atmospheric absorption of the input energy, transformation of the absorbed energy into dynamic and thermodynamic responses in the atmosphere, and coupling among all the layers affected by solar forcings. However, the four processes have not been discussed in their entirety. This present paper reviews studies over the last decade on how solar radiation varies during the solar cycle and solar eruptions, and, correspondingly, how the terrestrial atmosphere absorbs the input solar energy.