AUTHOR=Gao Guozhong , Hazbeh Omid , Rajabi Meysam , Tabasi Somayeh , Ghorbani Hamzeh , Seyedkamali Reza , Shayanmanesh Milad , Radwan Ahmed E. , Mosavi Amir H. 

TITLE=Application of GMDH model to predict pore pressure

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Earth Science

VOLUME=10

YEAR=2023

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/earth-science/articles/10.3389/feart.2022.1043719

DOI=10.3389/feart.2022.1043719

ISSN=2296-6463

ABSTRACT=<p>Pore pressure (PP) is one of the essential and very critical parameters in the oil and gas industry, especially in reservoir engineering, exploitation, and production. Forecasting this valuable parameter can prevent huge costs incurred by the oil and gas industry. This research aims to develop a algorithm to better predict PP in subsurface -formations. Based on this, information from three wells (F1, F2, and F3) representing one of the Middle East oil fields was used in this research. The input variables used in this research include; laterolog (LLS), photoelectric index (PEF), compressional wave velocity (Vp), porosity (NPHI), gamma ray (spectral) (SGR), density (RHOB), gamma ray (corrected) (CGR), shear wave velocity (Vs), caliper (CALI), resistivity (ILD), and sonic transit time (DT). Based on the results presented in the heat map (Spearman’s correlation), it can be concluded that the pairs of parameters RHOB-PEF, CGR-SGR, RHOB-CALL, DT-PEF, PP-RHOB, Vs-RHOB, ILD-LLS, DT-CGR, and DT-NPHI are connected. In this research the GS-GMDH methods is used for modeling which is based on the Group method of data handling (GMDH). The results of this research show that this algorithm has an average error of RMSE = 1.88 Psi and R<sup>2</sup> = 0.9997, indicating its high-performance accuracy. The difference between this method and the conventional GMDH method is that it can use three or more variables instead of two, which can improve prediction accuracy. Furthermore, by using the input of each neuron layer, the proposed model can communicate with other adjacent and non-adjacent layers to solve complex problems in the simplest possible way.</p>