AUTHOR=Coppola Diego , Laiolo Marco , Cigolini Corrado , Massimetti Francesco , Delle Donne Dario , Ripepe Maurizio , Arias Hidran , Barsotti Sara , Parra Claudia Bucarey , Centeno Riky Gustavo , Cevuard Sandrine , Chigna Gustavo , Chun Carla , Garaebiti Esline , Gonzales Dulce , Griswold Julie , Juarez Javier , Lara Luis E. , López Cristian Mauricio , Macedo Orlando , Mahinda Celestin , Ogburn Sarah , Prambada Oktory , Ramon Patricio , Ramos Domingo , Peltier Aline , Saunders Steve , de Zeeuw-van Dalfsen Elske , Varley Nick , William Ricardo TITLE=Thermal Remote Sensing for Global Volcano Monitoring: Experiences From the MIROVA System JOURNAL=Frontiers in Earth Science VOLUME=7 YEAR=2020 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/earth-science/articles/10.3389/feart.2019.00362 DOI=10.3389/feart.2019.00362 ISSN=2296-6463 ABSTRACT=

Volcanic activity is always accompanied by the transfer of heat from the Earth’s crust to the atmosphere. This heat can be measured from space and its measurement is a very useful tool for detecting volcanic activity on a global scale. MIROVA (Middle Infrared Observation of Volcanic Activity) is an automatic volcano hot spot detection system, based on the analysis of MODIS data (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer). The system is able to detect, locate and quantify thermal anomalies in near real-time, by providing, on a dedicated website (www.mirovaweb.it), infrared images and thermal flux time-series on over 200 volcanoes worldwide. Thanks to its simple interface and intuitive representation of the data, MIROVA is currently used by several volcano observatories for daily monitoring activities and reporting. In this paper, we present the architecture of the system and we provide a state of the art on satellite thermal data usage for operational volcano monitoring and research. In particular, we describe the contribution that the thermal data have provided in order to detect volcanic unrest, to forecast eruptions and to depict trends and patterns during eruptive crisis. The current limits and requirements to improve the quality of the data, their distribution and interpretation are also discussed, in the light of the experience gained in recent years within the volcanological community. The results presented clearly demonstrate how the open access of satellite thermal data and the sharing of derived products allow a better understanding of ongoing volcanic phenomena, and therefore constitute an essential requirement for the assessment of volcanic hazards.