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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Dent. Med.
Sec. Aging and Dental Medicine
Volume 6 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fdmed.2025.1563641
Influencing factors and survival rates in immediate vs. delayed dental implant placement: A six-year retrospective analysis
Provisionally accepted
Zhifen Lai
Weiguang Yu*- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Objective: This retrospective cohort study aimed to compare survival rates between immediate (≤24 hours post-extraction) and delayed (3-4 months post-extraction) dental implants and to identify patient-and site-specific risk factors for implant failure, with emphasis on anatomical site, sex, and osteoporosis.We analyzed 1,500 implants (300 immediate, 1,200 delayed) from patients treated at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University (2005University ( -2023)). Kaplan-Meier analysis evaluated cumulative survival rates over 72 months, with Cox regression modeling to assess predictors of failure. Propensity score matching (PSM) addressed baseline covariate imbalances.Results: Delayed implants exhibited significantly higher survival rates than immediate implants at 72 months (81.1% vs. 53.2%, p < 0.0001). Survival divergence intensified after 24 months, with delayed implants retaining 979 patients at risk versus 202 for immediate implants. Mandibular sites consistently outperformed maxillary sites in both strategies (delayed: 88.5% vs. 72.2%; immediate: 70.5% vs. 40.7%, p < 0.0001). Male sex (HR 1.64, 95% CI 1.28-1.88; p < 0.001) and osteoporosis (HR 2.50, 95% CI 1.17-4.52; p = 0.024) emerged as independent risk factors, while tobacco use, diabetes, and hypertension showed no significant associations. PSM resolved most baseline imbalances, with post-matching standardized mean differences (SMD) <0.1 for key covariates.: Delayed implantation at 3-4 months post-extraction provides superior intermediateterm survival, particularly in mandibular sites. Male patients and individuals with osteoporosis face elevated failure risks, warranting tailored clinical protocols. While both strategies remain viable, delayed placement is recommended for high-risk populations to optimize long-term outcomes.
Keywords: Survival, factor, dental implant, failure, Healed socket, Outcome
Received: 20 Jan 2025; Accepted: 08 Apr 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Lai and Yu. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Weiguang Yu, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, China
Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.