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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Dent. Med
Sec. Dental Materials
Volume 5 - 2024 | doi: 10.3389/fdmed.2024.1494484
This article is part of the Research Topic Innovative Dental Biomaterials for Advancing Oral Health Care View all 5 articles

IN VITRO ASSESSMENT OF CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENTS ON THE SHEAR BOND STRENGTH OF METAL ORTHODONTIC BRACKETS TO CAD/CAM PROVISIONAL MATERIALS

Provisionally accepted
Abdulaziz A. Alzaid Abdulaziz A. Alzaid 1Khalid K. Alenezi Khalid K. Alenezi 2Maha N. Alharbi Maha N. Alharbi 3Lulu A. Alyahya Lulu A. Alyahya 3Hatem Alqarni Hatem Alqarni 1*Mohammed Alsaloum Mohammed Alsaloum 1Heyam Alfallaj Heyam Alfallaj 1Ghada S. Alotaibi Ghada S. Alotaibi 3
  • 1 Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences. King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  • 2 Conservative Dental Science Department, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia., Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
  • 3 College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    The growing demand for orthodontic treatment in patients irrespective of age highlights the need for effective bonding of brackets to provisional crowns (PCs).This study evaluates the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets to 3D-printed and milled PC materials, comparing the effects of hydrofluoric acid (HFA) and phosphoric acid (PA) etching.Materials and methods: Forty cylinders were fabricated using a 3D printer with hybrid resin, and forty were milled from cross-linked polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin.Stainless steel brackets were bonded with light-cured composite resin. Twenty specimens from each group were treated with 9.5% HFA, while the rest of the specimens received 37% PA. Post-bonding, specimens underwent thermocycling and were examined with SEM. SBS testing followed ISO/TS 11405-2015 guidelines. The failure patterns and bond interface were assessed by the Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Data was analyzed using ANOVA, Tukey's test,.Results: In 3D-printed materials, HFA etching yielded a significantly higher bond strength (12.59 ± 2.64 MPa) than PA etching (7.77 ± 0.83 MPa). The bond strength was inferior in milled materials: HFA (5.98 ± 0.59 MPa) and PA (5.66 ± 0.65 MPa) with no significant difference between both surface treatments. When each material was evaluated separately, a significant difference in SBS was found for surface treatments in 3D-printed materials (p < 0.001) but not for milled materials (p = 0.916). ARI scores showed greater adhesive retention in 3D-printed specimens, particularly those treated with HFA. SEM revealed smoother surfaces in 3D-printed specimens compared to rougher surfaces in milled specimens.HFA etching improves SBS in 3D-printed PC, while in milled materials, the choice of etching agent has minimal effect.

    Keywords: Adhesive performance, Dental Materials, Orthodontic bonding, Surface modification, Temporary restorations

    Received: 10 Sep 2024; Accepted: 21 Nov 2024.

    Copyright: © 2024 Alzaid, Alenezi, Alharbi, Alyahya, Alqarni, Alsaloum, Alfallaj and Alotaibi. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence: Hatem Alqarni, Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences. King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.