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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Dent. Med
Sec. Dental Materials
Volume 5 - 2024 | doi: 10.3389/fdmed.2024.1451275
This article is part of the Research Topic Calcium Silicate Materials in Dental Applications View all articles

Novel Temporary Endodontic Medication Based on Calcium Silicate Strategy: A Biological and Physicochemical Study

Provisionally accepted
Claire El Hachem Claire El Hachem 1Salvatore Sauro Salvatore Sauro 2Ammar Eid Ammar Eid 3Burçin Arıcan Burçin Arıcan 4Raya Alrayesse Raya Alrayesse 5Camille Fabro Camille Fabro 6Varvara Gribova Varvara Gribova 6Louis Hardan Louis Hardan 1Youssef Haikel Youssef Haikel 6Naji Kharouf Naji Kharouf 7*
  • 1 Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
  • 2 Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, Valencia, Spain
  • 3 International University for Science and Technology, Daraa, Daraa, Syria
  • 4 Bahçeşehir University, Istanbul, Türkiye
  • 5 Damascus University, Damascus, Damascus, Syria
  • 6 INSERM UMR_S 1121, Strasbourg, Alsace, France
  • 7 Faculté de Chirurgie dentaire, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the physicochemical and biological properties of a traditional calcium hydroxide-based cement (Cal) to a novel endodontic material based on calcium silicate strategy in premixed formulation (Bio-C). Crystalline structure evaluation and pH analysis were performed at different time periods (3 -168 h). Contact angle, surface roughness, solubility and flowability of both materials were also investigated. The antibacterial activity of each material was assessed using a direct contact test against Enterococcus faecalis (E.faecalis), and the cytotoxicity was performed by using periodontal ligament cells. Statistical analysis was accomplished using one-way analysis of variance and Kruskal-Wallis tests. An alkaline pH was observed in both the tested materials. Higher pH values were attained in Cal compared to Bio-C (p < 0.05). Higher flowability, solubility and wettability were attained for Bio-C compared to Cal (p < 0.05). Crystalline structures were observed on the surface of Bio-C after immersion in PBS (168 h). Cal presented higher antibacterial activity compared to Bio-C against E.faecalis. Only undiluted Bio-C extracts demonstrated slight cytotoxicity, while all the other tested specimens had no cytotoxicity. In conclusion, the novel bioceramic medication might be used as a suitable alternative agent to the traditional calcium hydroxide cements due to its biological and physicochemical properties. However, further studies on the ability of removing Bio-C from root canal are required to determine whether such a temporary bioceramic can ameliorate root canal treatments.

    Keywords: calcium hydroxide cement, bioceramics, physicochemical properties, Biological activity, Crystallography

    Received: 18 Jun 2024; Accepted: 19 Aug 2024.

    Copyright: © 2024 El Hachem, Sauro, Eid, Arıcan, Alrayesse, Fabro, Gribova, Hardan, Haikel and Kharouf. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence: Naji Kharouf, Faculté de Chirurgie dentaire, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France

    Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.