AUTHOR=Kwak Sang Won , Shen Ya , Liu He , Wang Zhejun , Kim Hyeon-Cheol , Haapasalo Markus 

TITLE=Heat Treatment and Surface Treatment of Nickel–Titanium Endodontic Instruments

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Dental Medicine

VOLUME=2

YEAR=2021

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/dental-medicine/articles/10.3389/fdmed.2021.769977

DOI=10.3389/fdmed.2021.769977

ISSN=2673-4915

ABSTRACT=<p>Knowledge and thorough understanding of the characteristics of endodontic nickel–titanium (NiTi) files is paramount for dentists performing root canal treatments to patients. Understanding the behavior of the NiTi files guides the clinicians in choosing the correct instruments for different clinical and anatomical situations. This review focuses on the metallurgical properties of endodontic NiTi files, with a special emphasis on recent developments and improvements in metallurgy and the effects of heat treatment and surface treatment. In this study, the impact that such developments have on the properties of endodontic NiTi files is discussed.</p>