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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Dement.
Sec. Genetics and Biomarkers of Dementia
Volume 3 - 2024 | doi: 10.3389/frdem.2024.1455619
This article is part of the Research Topic Blood, Cerebrospinal Fluid, and Vascular Biomarkers for Dementia View all 4 articles

Differentiation of Alzheimer's disease from other neurodegenerative disorders using chemiluminescence immunoassays measuring cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers

Provisionally accepted
Philipp Arendt Philipp Arendt 1Katharina Römpler Katharina Römpler 1Britta Brix Britta Brix 1Viola Borchardt-Lohölter Viola Borchardt-Lohölter 1*Mandy Busse Mandy Busse 2Stefan Busse Stefan Busse 3
  • 1 Institute for Experimental Immunology, affiliated to EUROIMMUN Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG, Seekamp 31, 23560 Lübeck, Germany, Lübeck, Germany
  • 2 Department of Experimental Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
  • 3 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    Introduction: Prior research identified four neurochemical cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers, Aβ1 42, Aβ1 40, tTau, and pTau(181), as core diagnostic markers for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Determination of AD biomarkers using immunoassays can support differential diagnosis of AD versus several neuropsychiatric disorders, which is important because the respective treatment regimens differ. Results of biomarker determination can be classified according to the Amyloid/Tau/Neurodegeneration (ATN) system into profiles. Less is known about the clinical performance of chemiluminescence immunoassays (ChLIA) measuring specific biomarkers in CSF samples from patients suffering from neuropsychiatric impairments with various underlying causes. Methods: ChLIA (EUROIMMUN) were used to determine Beta-Amyloid (1-40), Beta-Amyloid (1-42), Total-Tau, and pTau(181) concentrations in precharacterized cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 219 AD patients, 74 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 220 disease control (DC) patients. Results: 83.0% of AD patients had ATN profiles consistent with AD, whereas 85.5% of DC patients and 77.0% of MCI patients had profiles inconsistent with AD. AD patients showed significantly lower amyloid ratio Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 (mean: 0.07) and significantly higher concentrations of tTau (mean: 901.6 pg/ml) and pTau(181) (mean: 129 pg/ml) compared to DC and MCI patients (all p values < 0.0071). Discussion: The ChLIAs effectively determined specific biomarkers and can support differential diagnostics of AD. Their quality was demonstrated in samples from 513 patients with cognitive impairments, representing a realistic mix of underlying causes for seeking treatment at a memory clinic.

    Keywords: Alzheimer's disease, ATN system, beta-amyloid, biomarker, Chemiluminescence immunoassay, Cerebrospinal Fluid, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Mild Cognitive Impairment

    Received: 27 Jun 2024; Accepted: 09 Sep 2024.

    Copyright: © 2024 Arendt, Römpler, Brix, Borchardt-Lohölter, Busse and Busse. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence: Viola Borchardt-Lohölter, Institute for Experimental Immunology, affiliated to EUROIMMUN Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG, Seekamp 31, 23560 Lübeck, Germany, Lübeck, Germany

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