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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Conserv. Sci.
Sec. Human-Wildlife Interactions
Volume 5 - 2024 | doi: 10.3389/fcosc.2024.1411919

A social-ecological approach to characterize ecosystem services in the Ecuadorian Amazon

Provisionally accepted
Francisco Neira Brito Francisco Neira Brito 1,2,3*Manuel A. Morales Mite Manuel A. Morales Mite 2,4*Adriana Aguilar Melo Adriana Aguilar Melo 5Vanessa Hull Vanessa Hull 4
  • 1 Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas. Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
  • 2 Independent researcher, Loja, Ecuador
  • 3 Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
  • 4 Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
  • 5 Département des Sciences Naturelles, Université du Québec Outaouais, Gatineau, Quebec, Canada

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    Social-ecological approaches are necessary to understand complex systems in which humans are dependent on ecosystem services to support their livelihoods. We implemented structured interviews (n=89) to characterize the social-ecological interactions between colonists and ecosystem services in four social-ecological systems located in two southern Amazonian provinces of Ecuador. This characterization allowed us to describe the subsistence activities, ecological knowledge, and local institutions present in the studied social-ecological systems. Cattle ranching, agriculture, and hunting provide safety nets to generate moderate levels of cash for colonists to face unpredictable events. However, these subsistence activities, as well as ecological knowledge and local institutions are not adapted to the local dynamic of the Amazonian ecosystems. Through this characterization of the colonists' social-ecological interactions, we also identify the ecosystem services and disservices obtained. Thirteen ecosystem services were identified, six of which were generated within protected areas. Seven ecosystem disservices were also identified, none of them produced within protected areas. Our study shows the separation prevailing between humans and ecosystems in the social-ecological interactions of the colonists, and, at the same time, the key role of these maladapted interactions in their subsistence activities. This research contributes a qualitative strategy to assessing social-ecological interactions and illustrates the importance of the ecosystem services provided by the Amazon ecosystems to colonists.

    Keywords: Social-ecological interactions, ecosystem services, Amazon, Ecuador, Colonists

    Received: 03 Apr 2024; Accepted: 23 Sep 2024.

    Copyright: © 2024 Neira Brito, Morales Mite, Aguilar Melo and Hull. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence:
    Francisco Neira Brito, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas. Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
    Manuel A. Morales Mite, Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32611, Florida, United States

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