AUTHOR=Marchini Silvio , Ferraz Katia M. P. M. B. , Foster Vania , Reginato Thiago , Kotz Aline , Barros Yara , Zimmermann Alexandra , Macdonald David W. TITLE=Planning for Human-Wildlife Coexistence: Conceptual Framework, Workshop Process, and a Model for Transdisciplinary Collaboration JOURNAL=Frontiers in Conservation Science VOLUME=2 YEAR=2021 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/conservation-science/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2021.752953 DOI=10.3389/fcosc.2021.752953 ISSN=2673-611X ABSTRACT=

Coexistence, as a concept and as a management goal and practice, has attracted increasing attention from researchers, managers and decision-makers dedicated to understanding and improving human-wildlife interactions. Although it still lacks a universally agreed definition, coexistence has increasingly been associated with a broad spectrum of human-wildlife interactions, including positive interactions, transcending a conservation focus on endangered wildlife, and involving explicitly considerations of power, equity and justice. In a growingly complex and interconnected human-dominated world, the key to turning human-wildlife interactions into large-scale coexistence is thorough planning. We present an approach for evidence-based, structured, and participatory decision-making in planning for human-wildlife coexistence. More specifically, we propose (i) a conceptual framework for describing the situation and setting the goals, (ii) a process for examining the causes of the situation and creating a theory of change, and (iii) a model for transdisciplinary research and collaboration integrating researchers, decision-makers and residents along with the interests of wildlife. To illustrate the approach, we report on the workshop considering the Jaguars of Iguaçu, a conservation project whose strategy includes the improvement of the relationship between ranchers and jaguars outside Iguaçu National Park, Brazil.