AUTHOR=Triantafyllopoulos Andreas , Reichel Uwe , Liu Shuo , Huber Stephan , Eyben Florian , Schuller Björn W. 

TITLE=Multistage linguistic conditioning of convolutional layers for speech emotion recognition

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Computer Science

VOLUME=Volume 5 - 2023

YEAR=2023

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/computer-science/articles/10.3389/fcomp.2023.1072479

DOI=10.3389/fcomp.2023.1072479

ISSN=2624-9898

ABSTRACT=In this contribution, we investigate the effectiveness of deep fusion of text and audio features for categorical and dimensional speech emotion recognition (SER).
We propose a novel, multistage fusion method where the two information streams are integrated in several layers of a deep neural network (DNN), and contrast it with a single-stage one where the streams are merged in a single point.
Both methods depend on extracting summary linguistic embeddings from a pre-trained BERT model, and conditioning one or more intermediate representations of a convolutional model operating on log-Mel spectrograms.
Experiments on the MSP-Podcast and IEMOCAP datasets demonstrate that the two fusion methods clearly outperform a shallow (late) fusion baseline and their unimodal constituents, both in terms of quantitative performance and qualitative behaviour.
Overall, our multistage fusion shows better quantitative performance, surpassing alternatives on most of our evaluations.
This illustrates the potential of multistage fusion in better assimilating text and audio information.