Mabrouk AL-Rasheedi ^1,2* Yasir Alhazmi ³ Lamees Abdullah AlDaiji ⁴ Lamya Abdullah AlDaiji ⁴ Fatimah Ismail Mobarki ⁵ Khuzama Mohammed Almuhaysini ⁶ Jawza Salem Alshammari ⁷ Nouf Awadh Almistadi ⁸ Saeed Adnan Yoldash ⁸ Nouf Almaqwashi ⁴ Rawabi Saleh Al Abdulgader ⁹ Mohammed Yahya Mashyakhi ¹⁰ Sadin Alamro ¹¹ Ismail A Walbi ³ Khawaja Husnain Haider ¹²

• ¹ Al-Bukairiah General Hospital, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
• ² Albukairah General Hospital, Ministry of Health, Albukairah, Saudi Arabia., Albukairah, Saudi Arabia
• ³ College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
• ⁴ Qassim University, Buraidah, Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia
• ⁵ Faculty of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jizan, Jizan, Saudi Arabia
• ⁶ TAMER Healthcare Company .Riyadh. Saudi Arabia, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
• ⁷ Dr. Abdul Rahman Al-Mishari Hospital. Riyadh , Saudi Arabia, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
• ⁸ Diabetic Center king Abdulaziz Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
• ⁹ King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
• ¹⁰ Najran Armed Forces Hospital, Najran, Saudi Arabia
• ¹¹ Merck KGaA .Riyadh. Saudi Arabia, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
• ¹² Sulaiman Al Rajhi University, Al Bukayrīyah, Saudi Arabia

Abstract Background: Complications of diabetes and its associated comorbidities can cause rapid progression of type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It comes at high costs and affects a patient’s quality of life. We aim to assess T2DM in KSA, including the demographics, medications, complications, and comorbidities, as it remains an integral part of Vision 2030. Methods: Observational retrospective study was designed spanning five administrative regions of KSA. A total of 638 patients’ records were randomly selected from general hospitals and diabetes centers from 2017 to 2020, and the collected were statistically analyzed. Results: Most (77%) selected patients had uncontrolled diabetes, showing a statistically significant correlation between regions and diabetes control. The Northern, Central, and Southern regions had the highest uncontrolled percentage with less than 20% control, while Western and Eastern regions’ control percentages were around 40% of subjects. Eighty percent of the uncontrolled BP patients had uncontrolled diabetes contrasting the 68% of the BP-controlled patients. Biguanides, DPP-4 inhibitors, GLP-1 agonists, Insulin, and SGLT-2 inhibitors are the most common diabetes medications. Metformin was the most prescribed in all regions, followed by DPP4. Results showed that patients used one to four non-diabetes drugs on average. Dispensing of vitamin B complex and statins were higher in diabetes centers than in hospitals. Retinopathy and peripheral neuropathy were the most common complications, while hypertension and ASCVD were the most common comorbidities. Conclusion: Results showed a poor glycemic control situation in the kingdom that necessitates implementing stricter measures to hinder disease progression and reduce complications and comorbidities. Increasing awareness, training, and monitoring programs with larger sample sizes and broader distribution is highly recommended nationally.